Condicionales y Wish en Inglés: Guía Completa, Ejemplos y Test
Aprender a usar los condicionales y las cláusulas de deseo es fundamental para hablar de situaciones hipotéticas, arrepentimientos y deseos en inglés. Esta guía te ofrece una explicación completa y sencilla de las estructuras de `if` y `wish`, con ejemplos claros y un test para practicar.
1. Los Cuatro Tipos de Condicionales
Los condicionales nos permiten hablar de causas y efectos. Aquí exploramos los cuatro tipos principales para escenarios reales e irreales.
Condicional Cero: Hechos y Verdades Universales
Estructura: If + Present Simple, Present Simple
If you heat ice, it melts.
If I am late, my boss gets angry.
If you don't water plants, they die.
If you press this button, the machine stops.
If you mix blue and yellow, you get green.
If I work hard, I feel tired.
If a baby is hungry, it cries.
If you touch fire, you get burned.
If it is cold, water freezes.
If people eat too much, they gain weight.
Condicional Tipo 1: Situaciones Reales o Posibles
Estructura: If + Present Simple, Sujeto + will + Verbo base
If it rains, we will stay at home.
I will call you if I find the address.
If she studies, she will pass the exam.
If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.
He will get a new job if he learns to code.
If they come, we will have a party.
If I see him, I will tell him the news.
The plants will die if you don't water them.
If we don't leave now, we will be late.
She will be happy if you visit her.
Condicional Tipo 2: Situaciones Irreales o Imposibles en el Presente
Estructura: If + Past Simple, Sujeto + would + Verbo base
If I were rich, I would travel the world.
I would help you if I knew how.
If he had more time, he would learn Spanish.
If I won the lottery, I would quit my job.
She would feel better if she ate something.
If we lived in Paris, we would go to the Louvre every day.
They would buy a new car if they had enough money.
If I were you, I would take the job.
If it wasn't raining, we would go for a walk.
The world would be a better place if everyone was kind.
Condicional Tipo 3: Arrepentimientos sobre el Pasado
Estructura: If + Past Perfect, Sujeto + would have + Past Participle
If I had known, I would have helped you.
If you had studied, you would have passed the exam.
She would have been on time if she hadn't missed the bus.
We would have gone to the party if we had been invited.
If he had bought the ticket, he would have seen the show.
If I hadn't been so shy, I would have talked to her.
The team would have won if they had played better.
If she had worn a jacket, she wouldn't have been cold.
If you had told me, I would have brought my camera.
I would have gone to the beach if it hadn't rained.
Condicionales Mixtos
Los condicionales mixtos combinan la cláusula `if` de un tipo con la cláusula principal de otro. Son menos comunes pero muy útiles.
If I had won the lottery (pasado), I would be rich now (presente).
If she were not so shy (presente), she would have met many people (pasado).
If I had taken that job (pasado), I would have more experience (presente).
If you had listened to me (pasado), you wouldn't be in trouble now (presente).
If he had bought a house (pasado), he would be paying a mortgage (presente).
If I were a good cook (presente), I would have prepared a fancy dinner last night (pasado).
He would be a doctor (presente) if he had gone to medical school (pasado).
If I knew how to drive (presente), I would have driven you home (pasado).
I would be on vacation now (presente) if I had saved enough money (pasado).
If she wasn't afraid of heights (presente), she would have gone skydiving (pasado).
2. Cláusulas de Deseo: `I wish...`
Usamos `wish` o `if only` para expresar deseos o arrepentimientos sobre situaciones que no son reales en el presente o que no ocurrieron en el pasado.
Deseos sobre el Presente: `I wish I knew...`
Estructura: Sujeto + wish + Past Simple
I wish I knew the answer.
He wishes he had a car.
We wish we could go to the concert.
She wishes she didn't live so far away.
I wish it were summer.
They wish they spoke fluent English.
I wish you were here.
He wishes he wasn't so busy.
I wish I could play the guitar.
They wish their house was bigger.
Deseos sobre el Pasado: `I wish I had known...`
Estructura: Sujeto + wish + Past Perfect
I wish I had known about the meeting.
She wishes she hadn't forgotten her keys.
We wish we had studied more for the test.
He wishes he hadn't quit his job.
I wish I had taken that opportunity.
They wish they had left earlier.
If only I had saved more money!
The team wishes it had played better.
I wish you hadn't told her about the surprise.
She wishes she had listened to her parents.
Resumen Comparativo de Condicionales y Wish
Entiende rápidamente las diferencias entre las estructuras clave para elegir la correcta en cada situación.
Condicional Cero vs. Tipo 1
Zero Conditional: Hechos y verdades generales.
If you heat ice, it melts.
First Conditional: Situaciones reales o probables en el futuro.
If you heat the ice, it will melt.
Condicional Tipo 2 vs. Tipo 3
Second Conditional: Situación irreal en el presente.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.
Third Conditional: Arrepentimiento sobre una situación pasada.
If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a car.
I wish... (Presente) vs. (Pasado)
I wish... (Presente): Deseo sobre una situación actual.
I wish I knew her number.
I wish... (Pasado): Arrepentimiento sobre una situación pasada.
I wish I had known about the party.
¡Test de Práctica!
Completa las oraciones con la conjugación correcta. Escribe la respuesta en los espacios en blanco. Si hay dos verbos, sepáralos por un espacio.
Presiona el botón para empezar el test.