Presente Perfecto: ¡La Guía Definitiva!
Conecta el pasado con el presente de forma fluida y natural. El Presente Perfecto es un tiempo verbal clave en inglés que te permite hablar sobre experiencias, acciones recientes y situaciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan hoy. Dominarlo te abrirá un nuevo mundo de posibilidades para expresarte con precisión y confianza.
El Presente Perfecto se forma con dos elementos esenciales: el verbo auxiliar have o has y el participio pasado del verbo principal. Para los verbos regulares, el participio pasado es sencillo (verbo + -ed), pero para los irregulares, necesitarás memorizar su forma única.
Verbos Regulares
Se forma el participio pasado añadiendo -ed: worked, lived, played.
Verbos Irregulares
Estos verbos tienen una forma de participio pasado única que debe ser aprendida: written, gone, seen.
Usos Clave del Presente Perfecto
Experiencias de Vida
Habla de acciones que han sucedido en un momento no específico del pasado, a menudo con "ever" o "never".
Acciones Recientes
Describe eventos que han terminado hace muy poco, usando palabras como "just," "already" o "yet".
Conexión con el Presente
Se usa para acciones que empezaron en el pasado y continúan hasta ahora, a menudo con "since" o "for".
Resultados Relevantes
El foco no es el momento de la acción, sino el resultado que tiene en el presente.
Aquí tienes 10 ejemplos detallados para que veas cómo se usa. ¡Presiona el botón "🔊" para escucharlos y practicar tu pronunciación!
10 Ejemplos de Presente Perfecto
He has lived there since 2010.
We have written three letters this month.
You have worked there for years.
I have seen that film already.
They have just arrived at the airport.
She has visited Paris twice.
The dog has eaten all its food.
My family has bought a new car.
He has finished his project.
We have known each other for a long time.
Forma afirmativa
Estructura: Sujeto + have/has + Participio Pasado + Complemento
Recuerda usar has con la tercera persona del singular (he, she, it).
They have been married for nearly fifty years.
She has lived in London all her life.
I have seen that film this year.
He has written three books.
We have finished our work.
You have studied for the exam.
The team has won the championship.
I have broken my computer.
The price has increased dramatically.
They have already eaten dinner.
Forma negativa
Estructura: Sujeto + have/has + not + Participio Pasado + Complemento
Las contracciones más comunes y naturales son haven't y hasn't.
We haven't opened the door this month.
She hasn't gone home this month.
They haven't woken up early this year.
I haven't seen him lately.
He has not started his project yet.
The children haven't done their chores.
We haven't bought a new car.
The letter hasn't arrived.
You haven't told me the truth.
It hasn't rained this week.
Preguntas
Estructura: Have/Has + Sujeto + Participio Pasado + Complemento?
Para preguntar sobre experiencias, puedes usar la palabra ever. Para eventos recientes, usa yet.
Have you ever met Juan?
Has she finished the report yet?
Where have you been?
Have you eaten lunch?
Has he returned from his trip?
Why have they not called?
Has the package arrived?
How many books have you read?
Have you lived here since 2020?
What has she done?
En resumen
Aquí puedes ver un resumen rápido de las estructuras clave del Presente Perfecto.
Forma Afirmativa
Sujeto + have/has + participio pasado
I have seen that film.
Forma Negativa
Sujeto + haven't/hasn't + participio pasado
She hasn't finished her work.
Preguntas
Have/Has + Sujeto + participio pasado?
Have you ever been there?
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